This image taken by NASA's Perseverance rover on Sept. 7, 2021, PDT (Sept. 8, EDT), shows two holes where the rover's drill obtained chalk-size samples from rock nicknamed "Rochette."

Perseverance takes a photo of one of a sample tube on the Martian terrain.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 6 at Robine. The image shows a rock with a drillhole and abrasion.

Mars Rock Samples

On Feb. 18, 2021, the Mars Perseverance rover made its harrowing landing at Jezero Crater. Almost immediately, the rover began an expedition to collect a geologically diverse set of rock samples that could help answer the question if Mars once had ancient microbial life. Perseverance has identified those rocks, cored, sealed them and set several sample tubes down on the crater floor for a future mission to pick up. Get high-level information about the diverse set of samples the rover has collected.

Learn About the Mars 2020 Mission

Samples Collected

24 of 38

Witness Tubes

3 of 5

Collected by the Perseverance Rover

Mars Rock Samples

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover is building a unique rock collection, which also includes samples of Mars atmosphere and loose surface material. These samples record the history of the Jezero Crater landing site, and may even preserve signs of ancient life. Learn more about these precious samples, which Mars Sample Return could deliver to Earth for detailed study in the future.

Learn About the Mars Sample Return

Roubion

Sample No. 1

Feature Name: Roubion
Sample Type: Atmospheric
Sol Sealed: 164
Date Sealed: Aug. 6, 2021
Rock Type: n/a
Sample Height: n/a
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 1 at Roubion.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image of the area in front of it using its onboard Front Left Hazard Avoidance Camera A. This image was acquired on Aug. 6, 2021 (Sol 164) at the local mean solar time of 14:22:08.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Montdenier

Sample No. 2

Feature Name: Rochette
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 194
Date Sealed: Sept. 6, 2021
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 5.98 cm/2.35 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

This composite of two images shows the hole drilled by NASA's Perseverance rover during its second sample-collection attempt. at Montdenier.

This composite of two images shows the hole drilled by NASA's Perseverance rover during its second sample-collection attempt. at Montdenier.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Montagnac

Sample No. 3

Feature Name: Rochette
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 196
Date Sealed: Sept. 8, 2021
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 6.14 cm/2.42 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 3 at Montagnac.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Sept. 8, 2021 (Sol 196) at the local mean solar time of 16:08:20.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Salette

Sample No. 4

Feature Name: Brac
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 262
Date Sealed: Nov. 15, 2021
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 6.28 cm/2.47 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 4 at Salette.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Nov. 15, 2021 (Sol 262) at the local mean solar time of 15:59:22.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Coulettes

Sample No. 5

Feature Name: Brac
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 271
Date Sealed: Nov. 24, 2021
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 3.3 cm/1.30 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 5 at Coulettes.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Nov. 24, 2021 (Sol 271) at the local mean solar time of 16:05:40.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Robine

Sample No. 6

Feature Name: Issole
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 298
Date Sealed: Dec. 22, 2021
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 6.08 cm/2.39 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 6 at Robine. The image shows a rock with a drillhole and abrasion.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its Right Mastcam-Z camera. Mastcam-Z is a pair of cameras located high on the rover's mast. This image was acquired on Dec. 21, 2021 (Sol 298) at the local mean solar time of 12:56:51.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

Malay

Sample No. 7

Feature Name: Issole
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 337
Date Sealed: Jan. 31, 2022
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 3.07 cm/1.21 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 7 at Malay.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its Right Mastcam-Z camera. Mastcam-Z is a pair of cameras located high on the rover's mast. This image was acquired on Jan. 30, 2022 (Sol 337) at the local mean solar time of 12:08:50.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

Ha'ahóni(aka Hahonih)

Sample No. 8

Feature Name: Sid
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 371
Date Sealed: March 7, 2022
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 6.5 cm/2.56 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 8 at Ha'ahóni (aka "Hahonih"). This image shows the rock protruding out of the ground with an abrasion patch and a drill hole.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on March 7, 2022 (Sol 371) at the local mean solar time of 15:22:30.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Atsá(aka Atsah)

Sample No. 9

Feature Name: Sid
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 377
Date Sealed: March 13, 2022
Rock Type: Igneous
Sample Height: 6.0 cm/2.36 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover displaying the abrasion patch prior to collecting the rock sample 9 at Atsá (aka "Atsah").

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its Left Mastcam-Z camera. Mastcam-Z is a pair of cameras located high on the rover's mast. This image was acquired on March 15, 2022 (Sol 379) at the local mean solar time of 10:00:45.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

Swift Run

Sample No. 10

Feature Name: Skinner Ridge
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 490
Date Sealed: July 7, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 6.69 cm/2.63 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 10 at Swift Run.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on July 7, 2022 (Sol 490) at the local mean solar time of 16:52:35.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Skyland

Sample No. 11

Feature Name: Skinner Ridge
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 495
Date Sealed: July 12, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 5.85 cm/2.30 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 11 at Skyland. Sample 10 and 11 drill hole with an abrasion patch.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on July 12, 2022 (Sol 495) at the local mean solar time of 16:54:24.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Hazeltop

Sample No. 12

Feature Name: Wildcat Ridge
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 509
Date Sealed: July 27, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 5.97 cm/2.35 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 12 at Hazeltop. There is a drill hole and a nearby abrasion patch displayed in this photo.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on July 26, 2022 (Sol 509) at the local mean solar time of 16:17:10.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Bearwallow

Sample No. 13

Feature Name: Wildcat Ridge
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 516
Date Sealed: Aug. 3, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 6.24 cm/2.46 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 13 at Bearwallow. There are two drill holes and an abrasion patch in this photo.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Aug. 3, 2022 (Sol 516) at the local mean solar time of 16:00:07.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Shuyak

Sample No. 14

Feature Name: Amalik
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 575
Date Sealed: Oct. 2, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 5.55 cm/2.19 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 14 at Shuyak. Nearby the drill hole of the sample collection is an abrasion patch to the bottom right.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Oct. 2, 2022 (Sol 575) at the local mean solar time of 15:37:40.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Mageik

Sample No. 15

Feature Name: Amalik
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 619
Date Sealed: Nov. 16, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 7.36 cm/2.90 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 15 at Mageik.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its Left Mastcam-Z camera. Mastcam-Z is a pair of cameras located high on the rover's mast. This image was acquired on Oct. 9, 2022 (Sol 582) at the local mean solar time of 13:50:24.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

Kukaklek

Sample No. 16

Feature Name: Hidden Harbor
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 631
Date Sealed: Nov. 29, 2022
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 4.97 cm/1.96 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 16 at Kukaklek.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its Left Mastcam-Z camera. Mastcam-Z is a pair of cameras located high on the rover's mast. This image was acquired on Nov. 26, 2022 (Sol 628) at the local mean solar time of 13:30:23.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

Atmo Mountain

Sample No. 17

Feature Name: Observation Mountain
Sample Type: Regolith
Sol Sealed: 634
Date Sealed: Dec. 2, 2022
Rock Type: Likely mixed sedimentary and igneous grains
Sample Height: 5.3 cm/2.09 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 17 at Atmo Mountain.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Dec. 2, 2022 (Sol 634) at the local mean solar time of 16:33:46.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Crosswind Lake

Sample No. 18

Feature Name: Observation Mountain
Sample Type: Regolith
Sol Sealed: 639
Date Sealed: Dec. 7, 2022
Rock Type: Likely mixed sedimentary and igneous grains
Sample Height: 5.3 cm/2.09 in
Current Location: Sample Depot

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 18 at Crosswind Lake. This image shows both samples 17 and 18 drill holes nearby.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Dec. 7, 2022 (Sol 639) at the local mean solar time of 16:34:15.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Melyn

Sample No. 19

Feature Name: Berea
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 749
Date Sealed: March 30, 2023
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 6.04 cm/2.38 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 19 at Melyn.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image of the area in front of it using its onboard Front Right Hazard Avoidance Camera A. This image was acquired on March 31, 2023 (Sol 750) at the local mean solar time of 11:54:54.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Otis Peak

Sample No. 20

Feature Name: Emerald Lake
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 832
Date Sealed: June 23, 2023
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 5.77 cm/2.27 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 20 at Otis Peak. There is a smooth crevice to the right side of the drill hole.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Left Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on June 13, 2023 (Sol 822) at the local mean solar time of 16:12:00.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Pilot Mountain

Sample No. 21

Feature Name: Dream Lake
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 913
Date Sealed: Sept. 15, 2023
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 6 cm/2.36 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 21 at Pilot Mountain. There is a drill hole of where the sample was collected along with a few rocks surrounding the area.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Aug. 14, 2023 (Sol 882) at the local mean solar time of 15:13:58.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Pelican Point

Sample No. 22

Feature Name: Hans Amundsen Memorial Workspace
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 923
Date Sealed: Sept. 25, 2023
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 6.1 cm/2.40 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 22 at Pelican Point. There is a drill hole at the center of the image where the sample was collected.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image using its onboard Right Navigation Camera (Navcam). The camera is located high on the rover's mast and aids in driving. This image was acquired on Sept. 25, 2023 (Sol 923) at the local mean solar time of 15:40:26.

Lefroy Bay

Sample No. 23

Feature Name: Turquoise Bay
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 949
Date Sealed: Oct. 21, 2023
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Sample Height: 4.7 cm/1.85 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 23 at Lefroy Bay. There is a drill hole in the center of the martian soil with an abrasion patch at the bottom left.

NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image of the area in front of it using its onboard Front Left Hazard Avoidance Camera A. This image was acquired on Aug. 6, 2021 (Sol 164) at the local mean solar time of 14:22:08.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Comet Geyser

Sample No. 24

Feature Name: Bunsen Peak
Sample Type: Rock Core
Sol Sealed: 1088
Date Sealed: March 12, 2024
Rock Type: Silica-cemented Carbonate
Sample Height: 5.78 cm/2.28 in
Current Location: Perseverance Rover

This view shows a rock nicknamed "Bunsen Peak" where NASA's Perseverance Mars rover extracted its 21st rock core (left) and abraded a circular patch (right) to investigate the rock's composition.

This view shows a rock nicknamed "Bunsen Peak" where NASA's Perseverance Mars rover extracted its 21st rock core (left) and abraded a circular patch (right) to investigate the rock's composition.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS

Mars Rock Samples Collected by Perseverance Rover

24 Images

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 23 at Lefroy Bay. There is a drill hole in the center of the martian soil with an abrasion patch at the bottom left.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 22 at Pelican Point. There is a drill hole at the center of the image where the sample was collected.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 21 at Pilot Mountain. There is a drill hole of where the sample was collected along with a few rocks surrounding the area.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 20 at Otis Peak. There is a smooth crevice to the right side of the drill hole.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 19 at Melyn.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 18 at Crosswind Lake. This image shows both samples 17 and 18 drill holes nearby.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 17 at Atmo Mountain.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 16 at Kukaklek.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 15 at Mageik.

Image taken was taken by the Mars Perseverance rover after collecting the rock sample 14 at Shuyak. Nearby the drill hole of the sample collection is an abrasion patch to the bottom right.

Sample No.	Date Sealed	Sol Sealed	Sample Name	Feature Name	Sampling Location	Current Location	Science Notes	Sample Type	Sample Height cm inch	Rock Type
1	Aug. 6, 2021	164	Roubion	Roubion	Polygon Valley	Sample Depot	PDF	Atmospheric	n/a n/a	n/a
2	Sept. 6, 2021	194	Montdenier	Rochette	Artuby Ridge	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	5.98 2.35	Igneous
3	Sept. 8, 2021	196	Montagnac	Rochette	Artuby Ridge	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	6.14 2.42	Igneous
4	Nov. 15, 2021	262	Salette	Brac	South Séítah	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	6.28 2.47	Igneous
5	Nov. 24, 2021	271	Coulettes	Brac	South Séítah	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	3.30 1.30	Igneous
6	Dec. 22, 2021	298	Robine	Issole	South Séítah	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	6.08 2.39	Igneous
7	Jan. 31, 2022	337	Malay	Issole	South Séítah	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	3.07 1.21	Igneous
8	March 7, 2022	371	Ha'ahóni (aka "Hahonih")	Sid	Octavia E. Butler Landing / Ch’ał outcrop	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	6.50 2.56	Igneous
9	March 13, 2022	377	Atsá (aka "Atsah")	Sid	Octavia E. Butler Landing / Ch’ał outcrop	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	6.00 2.36	Igneous
10	July 7, 2022	490	Swift Run	Skinner Ridge	Delta Front	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	6.69 2.63	Sedimentary
11	July 12, 2022	495	Skyland	Skinner Ridge	Delta Front	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	5.85 2.30	Sedimentary
12	July 27, 2022	509	Hazeltop	Wildcat Ridge	Delta Front	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	5.97 2.35	Sedimentary
13	Aug. 3, 2022	516	Bearwallow	Wildcat Ridge	Delta Front	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	6.24 2.46	Sedimentary
14	Oct. 2, 2022	575	Shuyak	Amalik	Delta Front	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	5.55 2.19	Sedimentary
15	Nov. 16, 2022	619	Mageik	Amalik	Delta Front	Sample Depot	PDF	Rock Core	7.36 2.90	Sedimentary
16	Nov. 29, 2022	631	Kukaklek	Hidden Harbor	Delta Front	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Rock Core	4.97 1.96	Sedimentary
17	Dec. 2, 2022	634	Atmo Mountain	Observation Mountain	Delta Front	Perseverance Rover	PDF	Regolith	5.30 2.09	Likely mixed sedimentary and igneous grains
18	Dec. 7, 2022	639	Crosswind Lake	Observation Mountain	Delta Front	Sample Depot	PDF	Regolith	5.30 2.09	Likely mixed sedimentary and igneous grains
19	March 30, 2023	749	Melyn	Berea	Upper Fan	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	6.04 2.38	Sedimentary
20	June 23, 2023	832	Otis Peak	Emerald Lake	Upper Fan	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	5.77 2.27	Sedimentary
21	Sept. 15, 2023	913	Pilot Mountain	Dream Lake	Upper Fan	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	6.00 2.36	Sedimentary
22	Sept. 25, 2023	923	Pelican Point	Hans Amundsen Memorial Workspace	Margin Unit	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	6.10 2.40	Sedimentary
23	Oct. 21, 2023	949	Lefroy Bay	Turquoise Bay	Margin Unit	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	4.70 1.85	Sedimentary
24	March 12, 2024	1088	Comet Geyser	Bunsen Peak	Margin Unit	Perseverance Rover		Rock Core	5.78 2.28	Silica-cemented Carbonate

Of the 43 tubes Perseverance brought to Mars, 38 are for collecting samples, and five are "witness tubes" designed to document the cleanliness of its sampling system throughout the mission. Three witness tubes have been sealed: on Sol 160 (June 22, 2021), Sol 499 (July 16, 2022), and Sol 586 (Oct. 14, 2022). The third witness tube, sealed at the "Amalik" sampling location, was placed in the rover's backup sample depot.